What Does Cave Art Tell Us About Early Humans? | Art & Object (2024)

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    What Does Cave Art Tell Us About Early Humans? | Art & Object (6)

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    Reproduction of Lascaux II paintings,Lascaux, France.

    Throughout the twentieth century, scientists discovered a swath of cave paintings, many in western Europe. To date, the known number of decorated sites is around 400, with many of those concentrated in the mountains of France and Spain.

    But more recent discoveries, like a 2019revelation of cave art in Indonesia, believed to be at least 36,000 years old, have altered our understanding of early humans altogether. Because the cave art found in Indonesia shared similarities with the cave art in western Europe—namely, that early people seemed to have a fascination animals, and had a propensity for painting abstractions of those animals in caves—many scientists now believe that the impressive works are evidence of the way the human brain was developing in various, and distant, parts of the world around the same time.

    What Does Cave Art Tell Us About Early Humans? | Art & Object (7)

    wikimedia commons

    Possibly the oldest known painting, from the cave of Lubang Jeriji Saléh on the Indonesian island of Borneo, circa 40,000 BCE

    Many of the cave paintings have red and black pigments in common, and it is assumed the reds were achieved with ochre, which is another word for any iron-rich rock that can produce pigment. Red ochre, also known as hematite, or iron oxide—a chemical compound known as Fe203—is the most common and widespread coloring tool associated with cave paintings.

    In fact, a very recent discovery of red ochre in South African caves that is believed to be at least 60,000 years old has once again not only pushed back the possible date that humans were creating art, but it’s also pushed back the date that scientists believe humans were using advanced problem-solving techniques.

    What Does Cave Art Tell Us About Early Humans? | Art & Object (8)

    wikimedia commons

    Indigenous Australian rock art in the later Wandjina style

    As archaeologist Tammy Hodgskiss told Discover Magazine, “People may say ochre is the earliest form of symbolism, but there’s more to it… ochre shows how our brains were developing, and that we were using our environment. It bridges the divide between art and science.”

    Red ochre is also the apparent medium used in art that appears in caves in Western Australia, and is believed to have been created about 50,000 years ago. Again, the fact that humans were living across oceans from one another experimenting with primitive paints lends itself to the idea that art is an innate force within the human species.

    Another common tool that was used to make cave art is charcoal, which is believed to be responsible for many of the drawings that appear in Chauvet Pont d-Arc Cave in France, where the oldest known cave paintings in Europe are located. The charcoal remnants collected in the cave have been carbon traced to the Ice Age, and appear to have been made from burnt pine trees. Because other charcoal made from pine trees has been discovered in various caves that were thought to be used as living spaces during the Ice Age, scientists wonder if these early artists actually had a preference for pine charcoal over other possible sources. It’s also helped scientists reimagine how cold it would’ve been for humans to be forced into these caves as their main living spaces.

    “Pine is a pioneer taxon with an affinity for mountainous environments and survived in refuges during the coldest periods of the last ice age,” wrote scientists who studied the cave in an April April 2018 edition of Antiquity Journal. “As such, it attests, first and foremost, to the harsh climatic conditions that prevailed during the various occupations of the cave.”

    It’s not a new idea that art can tell us a lot about the time period in which it was created. From ancient civilizations in places like Egypt, to the relatively modern Renaissance works in Italy, works of art have always informed modern humans as to the way their ancestors lived. In this way, cave paintings, and the way they were made, are no different.

    About the Author

    Charlie Pogacar

    Charlie Pogacar is the Custom Content Associate Editor at Journalistic, Inc. He lives in North Carolina with his wife, Abby, and boxer pup, Frankie.

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    What Does Cave Art Tell Us About Early Humans? | Art & Object (2024)

    FAQs

    What Does Cave Art Tell Us About Early Humans? | Art & Object? ›

    Because the cave art

    cave art
    Pigments used include red and yellow ochre, hematite, manganese oxide and charcoal. Sometimes the silhouette of the animal was incised in the rock first, and in some caves all or many of the images are only engraved in this fashion, taking them somewhat out of a strict definition of "cave painting".
    https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Cave_painting
    found in Indonesia shared similarities with the cave art in western Europe—namely, that early people seemed to have a fascination animals, and had a propensity for painting abstractions of those animals in caves—many scientists now believe that the impressive works are evidence of the way the human ...

    What does cave art tell us about early humans? ›

    Cave art is a symbolic representation of codes produced by Palaeolithic human thinking. Although this cannot be a definitive conclusion, we can say that parietal art symbolizes the fusion of the Palaeolithic human and animal worlds, whereas today we perceive these two entities as dissociated from each other.

    What do the Lascaux cave paintings tell us about early human life? ›

    The Lascaux cave paintings in southeast France capture the style and subject matter of many of our ancestors' early artistic work. Archeologists interpret these and other discoveries of Ice Age rock art as evidence of the emergence of a new, distinctly human consciousness.

    What did cave painting show early humans valued? ›

    Cave art may also reflect early humans' intimate relationship with the environment and its creatures. Many of the depicted animals—bison, horses, deer, and others—were crucial for the survival of these early communities, providing food, clothing, and tools.

    What art objects are associated with early humans? ›

    From the Upper Paleolithic through to the Mesolithic, cave paintings and portable art such as figurines and beads predominated, with decorative figured workings also seen on some utilitarian objects. In the Neolithic evidence of early pottery appeared, as did sculpture and the construction of megaliths.

    Are cave paintings sources of information about the early human life? ›

    Cave paintings give us information like evidence for planning of hunting and prey by early human beings, early humans collectively engaged in recreational activities, the behavior of early humans.

    Why did early humans use caves? ›

    Throughout history, people have used caves as protection from enemies or the law – and as hiding places for valuable art, treasures and documents.

    What the caves of Lascaux suggest about early human history? ›

    Explain what the caves of Lascaux suggest about early human history? The cave paintings illustrate the animals that early people hunted during the Ice Age, suggest that in the early human society, food was sometimes hard to get, but is necessary to survive.

    What is the message of the painting cave of Lascaux? ›

    These theories include: The artwork commemorated successful hunts. The cave was used for rituals or ceremonies and the paintings hold spiritual significance. The paintings were a way for humans to make sense of the world around them.

    What can we learn from the early human development of cave art and other artifacts? ›

    Because the cave art found in Indonesia shared similarities with the cave art in western Europe—namely, that early people seemed to have a fascination animals, and had a propensity for painting abstractions of those animals in caves—many scientists now believe that the impressive works are evidence of the way the human ...

    What can cave paintings tell us about our ancestors? ›

    Since the images often seem to tell stories, depicting scenes of hunting and what seem to be narrative depictions of prehistoric life, some scholars suggest that cave paintings may have been central in the development of symbolic thinking and the emergence of language.

    What the importance of the cave painting is what they tell us about Paleolithic man? ›

    The importance of the cave painting is what they tell us about Paleolithic man. MOST important, perhaps, is that: Paleolithic man recognized that a spiritual world existed beyond the physical world they lived in.

    What are four facts about cave paintings? ›

    Cave painting facts for kids
    • Schematic paintings of animals, such as horses and mammoths. ...
    • Paintings possibly for religious purposes, on plates, in the entrance part of the cave, or in rock shelters. ...
    • Developed rock art. ...
    • Most caves use a style that shows animals very realistically.

    What can we learn from cave paintings? ›

    Prehistoric cave paintings can shed some light on what society valued at this time. They show that some human beings valued art and could have been motivated to create it. The subjects show what was important to them. They often depicted animals such as bison, deer, leopards, bears, bulls, and more.

    What is the meaning of the cave paintings? ›

    Cave art is generally considered to have a symbolic or religious function, sometimes both. The exact meanings of the images remain unknown, but some experts think they may have been created within the framework of shamanic beliefs and practices.

    What was the main object used by early humans? ›

    The Early Stone Age began with the most basic stone implements made by early humans. These Oldowan toolkits include hammerstones, stone cores, and sharp stone flakes. By about 1.76 million years ago, early humans began to make Acheulean handaxes and other large cutting tools.

    Why do you think early humans painted on cave walls? ›

    Early humans painted on cave walls as a way to communicate. They used paintings to tell stories about their lives, such as hunting and gathering. They also used them for religious or spiritual purposes, like to honor or worship animals or the forces of nature.

    What did the cave paintings communicate? ›

    Before the invention of written language, prehistoric humans communicated through cave paintings and petroglyphs. These early forms of communication, dating back to as early as 40,000 years ago, served as a medium for storytelling, recording events, and expressing religious and cultural beliefs.

    What does the cave symbolize? ›

    In all cultures and in almost all epochs the cave has been the symbol of creation, the place of emergence of celestial bodies, of ethnic groups and individuals. It is the great womb of earth and sky, a symbol of life, but also of death.

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